Abstract: Although the empirical researches about the Gini coefficient are extraordinarily plentiful, the formal theoretical deduction of the Gini coefficient is usually omitted. 内容提要:尽管关于基尼系数的经验估计与研究异常丰富,但是对于基尼系数的理论含义一直缺乏严格的推导。
This paper first shows the limitation of form-based Universal reasoning science in which the basic inference operations are formal deduction. 指出了以形式演绎为基本推理操作的表形的广义的推理科学的局限性;
The essentials of scientific reason consist of formal logic with deduction and induction as its main components, and ideological experimentation with hypothesis as its goal. 科学理性的主要内容,是以归纳、演绎为主的形式逻辑和以假说为目标的思想实验。
Based on fuzzy formal deduction system, some concepts of fuzzy first-order logic are introduced. 本文在模糊命题逻辑演绎系统的基础上,引入了模糊意义下的一阶逻辑的相关概念,建立了模糊一阶(谓词)逻辑的准形式演绎系统。
The Formal Deduction of the Operation Rules for Basic Sets 基本集合运算法则的形式化推导
This paper proposed a problem-solving theory based formal model, introduced the basic syntax and ρ-calculus based semantics of the model, and presented some pivotal concepts and propositions in the deduction of the model. 提出了一种基于问题求解理论的密码协议模型,给出了模型的基本语法以及基于ρ演算的形式语义,明确了模型推理过程中涉及到的一些关键性的概念和命题。
Under the formal method, the notion of deduction in the classical logics captures the intuitively correct forms of reasoning. 在形式化方法下,经典逻辑通过严格概念推演表达正确推理形式的直观概念。
The Quasi-formal Deduction System on the Fuzzy First-order Logic 初等模糊一阶逻辑的准形式演绎系统
Formal fuzzy propositional logic deduction system 形式模糊命题逻辑推理系统